Contribution à l’étude phytochimique, l’évaluation de l’activité antimicrobienne et l’analyse pédologique des extraits de la plante Pistacia lentiscus L. récoltée de trois régions.

Abstract

Pistacia lentiscus is known for its medicinal properties since ancient times. The parts of the plant (aerial parts, roots, mastic, essential oil, fatty oil) are widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of certain diseases. The objective of our work is the phytochemical study, the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the various extracts of the plant Pistacia lentiscus L. and soil pedological analysis in areas where the plant has been harvested. Variable yields were obtained for the different types of extracts (methanoic extract, alkaloids and fixed oils) prepared from the different organs (leaves and seeds) of Pistacia lentiscus L. from the three studied stations (Mansoura, El-Gouliâa, Guenzette). The phytochemical analysis of the plant collected from the three stations made it possible to highlight the richness of the plant in polyphenols. The antimicrobial activity of the various extracts of the plant is demonstrated by the agar diffusion method. The results show that methanoic extract of pistacia has an important antimicrobial activity against strains tested either bacterial (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or fungal (Fusarium Oxysporum). While other extracts (alkaloids and fixed oils) have no antimicrobial activity. The results of the pH analysis (7.8 to 8.5) of the three soil samples studied, consistent with soil data from semi-arid regions. Revealed that Pistacia lentiscus appears to settle in low to moderately basic soils. This plant also prefers non-saline soil, it is a species resistant to drought (low humidity levels at the three stations), it resists very well on the Mediterranean coast.