Faculté des sciences et de la technologie
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Item VIoT Solution: Computer Vision and IoT Integration in Monitoring and Inspection for Energy Conservation(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 2026-04-09) Seniguer AbderraoufThis thesis presents the design and development of a lightweight vision-based device that integrates Computer Vision (CV) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time assessment of indoor illuminance distribution in buildings. The proposed system is intended for integration into daylight harvesting systems to enhance energy efficiency and improve occupants’ visual comfort. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on single photosensors, sensor grids, or High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging, the proposed method uses visual information captured by a camera combined with machine learning techniques to estimate spatial illuminance levels across the observed scene. A dedicated data collection process was conducted using a controlled experimental setup, producing a dataset of approximately 12,000 samples covering illuminance levels from 0 to 2000 lux. From captured images, small pixel regions were extracted and associated with ground-truth measurements obtained from a calibrated lux meter. The illuminance mapping process is based on a two-stage machine learning pipeline composed of a Random Forest classifier and a Multilayer Perceptron regressor. This architecture enables accurate illuminance estimation while maintaining low computational complexity, allowing the entire system to operate directly on an embedded Raspberry Pi platform without cloud processing. In addition to illuminance estimation, the system incorporates a visual discomfort detection module for glare analysis. The device communicates with a web-based monitoring application through an IoT network, enabling real-time visualization and remote interaction. Experimental validation conducted in laboratory and real classroom environments demonstrated a Mean Absolute Error Percentage of approximately 8.7% when compared to reference illuminance sensors. The main contribution of this work lies in proposing a practical and deployable alternative to HDR imaging and photosensor grids for indoor illuminance mapping, combining computational efficiency, real-time performance, and IoT integration for smart building applications.Item EFFET D’UN CHAMP MAGNÉTIQUE SUR LA CONVECTION NATURELLE DANS UNE ENCEINTE POREUSE SATURÉE PAR UN FLUIDE PARAMAGNÉTIQUE(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 2026-12-18) Addala Mohammed abdessamedL'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier la simulation numérique du transfert thermique naturel bidimensionnel dans un espace poreux saturé de fluide paramagnétique sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique externe. Les équations régissant l'écoulement magnétohydrodynamique, à savoir les équations de Navier-Stokes et l'équation d'énergie, ont été résolues à l'aide de la méthode des volumes finis en s'appuyant sur l'algorithme SIMPLER pour relier la vitesse à la pression. L'effet de l'intensité et de la direction du champ magnétique sur les propriétés de l'écoulement et le transfert de chaleur à l'intérieur de l'espace a également été analysé.Item Emission Auger et émission Coster-Kronig des couches atomiques internes en vue d'application analytique(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 2026-05-21) Meddah SamiaCette thèse présente une compilation exhaustive des données relatives aux transitions Coster-Kronig (C-K) et Auger (A-D) des sous-couches L, avec 1058 valeurs expérimentales extraites de 130 articles scientifiques publiés entre 1955 et 2024. L'étude couvre les probabilités de transition non radiative pour des éléments allant de du 28Ni au 100Fm. Les valeurs moyennes pondérées et les écarts-types ont été calculés. Ensuite, de nouvelles valeurs empiriques ont été déterminées, suivis une analyse détaillée des probabilités de transition pour des éléments dont les numéros atomiques varient entre 28 et 100. Une méthodologie de régression a été utilisée pour modéliser le comportement de ces taux et améliorer la capacité prédictive du modèle. L'interpolation numérique a été appliquée pour combler les lacunes dans les données disponibles. De plus, des calculs théoriques basés sur la méthode Dirac-Fock ont été réalisés pour certains éléments sélectionnés. Enfin, les résultats ont été comparés avec les valeurs théoriques, expérimentales et empiriques présentes dans la littérature.Item Simulation, élaboration et caractérisation de l’effet des métaux de transition sur les propriétés des nanoparticules à base d’oxydes métalliques en vue de leur application dans le stockage d’énergie(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 0021-05-26) SIASSI AbderrahimCe travail présente une étude combinée expérimentale et théorique des films minces de Mn3O4 hausmannite dopés avec 6,25 % de Ni et de Zn, préparés par la méthode sol-gel. L'analyse structurale a confirmé la phase tétragonale avec une cristallinité améliorée et des changements induits par le dopage dans les paramètres du réseau et la microstructure. Les mesures optiques ont révélé une réduction de la bande interdite indirecte de 1,67 eV (non dopé) à 1,59 eV (Zn) et 1,43 eV (Ni), ainsi qu'une légère augmentation de l'indice de réfraction et de la constante diélectrique. La microscopie à force atomique (AFM) a montré une réduction de la hauteur des grains et de la rugosité de surface après dopage, tandis que les images SEM ont révélé une morphologie de type agranulaire. Les calculs DFT+U+RSCAN étaient en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux. Les tests électrochimiques ont démontré un comportement EDLC dominant avec de bonnes performances capacitives pour l’échantillon Mn3O4 pur, tandis que les échantillons dopés ont montré de faibles performances, suggérant qu’un ajustement supplémentaire des paramètres de synthèse est nécessaire pour obtenir un film mince de hausmannite prêt pour des applications de stockage d’énergie.Item PROFESSIONS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MST1)(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie UNIV-BBA, 2024-01-03) DJENDEL MOKHTARThe course "Professions in Science and Technology 1" is designed to introduce students of 1st Year Sciences and Technics to the vast array of careers available within the fields of science and technology. It aims to provide insights into various professional roles, the educational paths leading to these careers, and the skills required to succeed in them. Through a combination of lectures, guest speakers from industry and academia, and hands-on activities, students will explore many disciplines in engineering science. The course also emphasizes the importance of soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving in scientific and technological professions. By the end of the course, students should have a clearer understanding of their career options in science and technology and the steps they need to take to pursue their interestsItem Heat Treatements(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie UNIV-BBA, 2023-01-03) DJENDEL MOKHTARThe content of this course was chosen so as to be able to serve as a manual for materials engineering courses intended for 1st year master's students in accordance with the outline and guidelines of the mechanical engineering department. Teaching objectives ▪ Implement the main heat treatments and the main techniques experimental for the study of structural transformations of metal alloys. ▪ Highlight changes in properties and valuation of materials obtained at the end of the treatments. ▪ Highlight the correlations between behaviors, treatments and structures. Prerequisites: The target audience must have prior knowledge in: Thermodynamics (understanding of equilibrium and phase diagrams, thermochemistry), notions of mechanics. Metals and alloys. The course content is presented in several themes subdivided into chapters: Chapter 1. Thermal Equilibrium Diagram. Chapter 2. Time-Temperature Transformation (TTT) diagram & Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagram. Chapter 3. Classification of Metal Alloys. Chapter 4. Heat Treatment Theory Chapter 5. Classic industrial treatments (annealing and quenching,…..) & Thermochemical diffusion treatments (Carburizing heat, Nitriding etc.). The hourly volume allocated to the course is 37h30min per semester in one lesson per week of 1h30 and a practical work of 1h. The evaluation of acquired knowledge is done in mode: Continuous assessment: 40%; Exam: 60%. Depending on the means available in the establishment. manipulations are designed as an experimental project combining the material studied, the treatments, and the characterization. The different manipulations address the following themes: • The modification of the properties of alloys by heat treatment in the mass and the study of the hardening mechanisms of metal alloys. • Predicting the mechanical characteristics of steels. • The modification of the surface properties of materials. • Cold deformation and the effects of annealing after work hardening.Item CORE TECHNOLOGY(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 2024-01-25) DJENDEL MOKHTARThis handout, intended for students in the 2nd year of the common core of technology, aims to: - Provide multidisciplinary knowledge using different types of materials; metals and their alloys, ceramics, polymers and composites; - Allow the student to become familiar with the different shaping techniques (with and without material removal) of materials used in cutting-edge industrial fields (mechanics, aerospace, naval aviation, steel industry, medical, etc.). The approach of this module is based on the relationships between the structure, microstructure, development, usage properties and manufacturing processes of these materials in the industrial field. It relates the types of bonds and the different levels of structuring of the material with the mechanical properties.Item Construction mécanique 2 S6 Licence construction(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie UNIV-BBA, 2024-02-03) Mechta AhlemLe module Construction Mécanique 2 s’inscrit dans la continuité du cours de Construction Mécanique 1, et vise à approfondir les connaissances et les compétences des étudiants en matière de conception et de réalisation d’ensembles mécaniques complexes. À ce stade avancé de la formation, il est essentiel de développer une compréhension rigoureuse des principes de fonctionnement, de l’assemblage et de la normalisation des systèmes mécaniques utilisés dans l’industrie moderne. L’objectif principal de ce module est de permettre aux étudiants d’analyser, de dimensionner et de représenter correctement des composants mécaniques tels que les arbres, les accouplements, les assemblages démontables ou permanents, les systèmes de guidage et de transmission, tout en tenant compte des normes techniques et des exigences fonctionnelles et sécuritaires. Une attention particulière est accordée à l’intégration des contraintes industrielles réelles, telles que la résistance des matériaux, les tolérances géométriques, et les méthodes de fabrication. Ce polycopié est structuré de manière progressive afin de faciliter l’acquisition des notions théoriques et leur application à travers des exemples pratiques, des études de cas, et des exercices corrigés. Il constitue ainsi un support pédagogique essentiel pour la réussite des étudiants, en les préparant efficacement aux projets de fin d’études, aux stages industriels et à la poursuite éventuelle de leurs études en Master.Item MECHANICHAL MANUFACTURING(Faculté des sciences et de la technologie, 2024-02-23) BOUBAAYA RabahMachining by material removal is one of the processes of mechanical manufacturing. This machining represents the search for solutions that allow obtaining a conceivable part at a cost with good performance, by combining information relating to the chronological order of the operations performed, the use of skilled labor, machine tools, tools and equipment requested. This technique also allows us to produce parts with complex shapes and high precision without modifying the characteristics of the machined material. Material removal machining allows for very precise tolerances, which is crucial in many fields, such as aerospace, automotive and tool manufacturing. This process is applicable to a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, composites and ceramics, making it a versatile technique for many industries. In addition, this method is also used for the repair or refurbishment of damaged or worn parts, thus extending their service life and avoiding the waste of valuable resources. In summary, material removal machining remains an indispensable pillar in modern manufacturing, combining precision, versatility and cost efficiency. This handout entitled "Mechanical Manufacturing" is intended for second-year students of the Academic License in Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Construction option. It is designed to highlight knowledge of product manufacturing techniques, in particular mechanical products. It is written in a simplified manner with examples introduced after giving notions so that the student can assimilate the content of the course and have a clear vision of its application in the industrial sector. This document is divided into two parts, the first part of which concerns the theory of metal cutting from the point of view of cutting materials, geometry of cutting tools, chip formation mechanism, cutting forces, heating and damage of cutting tools as well as the methodology for choosing cutting parameters. The second part deals with machine tool technology, based on cutting movements, main components and kinematic chains for some machine tools.Item Surface Treatments(2023-01-03) BOUBAAYA RabahSurface treatments and coatings currently constitute one of the essential means of improving the functional properties of metals, in particular resistance to oxidation and corrosion, resistance to fatigue in all its forms (mechanical fatigue, thermal fatigue, surface fatigue), thermal insulation, electrical conductivity, resistance to friction and wear, without forgetting the color and appearance, biocompatibility or adhesion of another class of materials (ceramic or polymer). In 2017, they represented between 8 and 9% of the overall turnover of industrial metalworking subcontracting and up to 15% if we include their share in integrated workshops. Among the different surface treatment processes, it is possible to distinguish four families: structural transformation treatments of mechanical or thermal origin, diffusion or thermochemical treatments, conversion treatments and coatings. The main sectors of activity are automobiles, construction, public works, mechanics, aeronautics and space, weapons, electrical equipment and biomedical. This handout entitled “surface treatments” is intended for first-year Masters in Materials Engineering students. The aim of this handout is to describe the different surface treatments and coatings based on improved functional properties based on numerous industrial examples. The improvement of these properties is directly a function of the internal health of the deposits or surface layers modified by the treatment. The document will address in a final chapter the different means of destructive and non-destructive control. It is written in a simplified manner with examples introduced after having given concepts so that the student can assimilate the course content and have a clear vision of its application in the industrial sector.